浅谈桦树育苗与造林技术

本文介绍了桦树育苗、选种、播种及造林的一些措施和方法。     

野生中药材资源保护与利用探讨

随着现代工业社会进程的逐渐深入,倚靠传统农业社会发展起来的中药材资源面临着严峻的挑战,特别是野生中药材资源的枯竭和衰亡,更应当引起高度的重视。探讨在现代法治社会视域下如何保护与合理利用野生中药材资源,不啻为有效解决该问题的方法之一。     

浙江省油茶产业可持续发展对策研究

阐述了浙江省发展油茶产业的重要意义;论述了油茶消费市场的开发前景;分析了浙江省油茶产业的发展现状;针对浙江省油茶产业发展存在产业化程度低、劳动力短缺、技术较为落后、管理水平低下、政府支持力度小等方面的制约因素,从政府、合作组织和企业三个层面,提出推动浙江省油茶产业可持续发展的策略。     

The potential of participatory hybrid breeding

This article explores the potential of involving smallholder farmers in hybrid development for their low-external input farming systems. We have developed a conceptual model of the procedures, based on five assumptions: (a) the hybrids are bred for adaptation to local needs and preferences; (b) the dependence on and need for genetic diversity is taken into account; (c) breeders collaborate closely with farmers also in the initial stages of the breeding programme, that is, in establishing the breeding goals by identifying the desired traits and preferred local populations as (one of the) crossing parents; (d) hybrid seed production can be integrated into the farmers’ local seed system; and (e) farmers and breeders can agree on intellectual property rights, access and benefit sharing in a fair and transparent way. We illustrate the procedural consequences of these assumptions with reference to the case of a participatory maize breeding programme in southwest China, from 2000 to 2012, that included both open-pollinated and hybrid maize improvement. We show how farmers’ early involvement in hybrid development during the pre-breeding stage, including broadening the base populations with farmer-maintained local landraces, can support co-evolution of the genetic resources in farmers’ fields.     

葵花籽中水分含量测定不确定度评定

依据《食品安全国家标准食品中水分的测定》(GB 5009.3-2016)中第一法测定葵花籽中的水分。根据方法计算公式建立相应的数学模型,对葵花籽中水分的来源进行全面、细致的分析,通过对影响葵花籽中水分测定结果的4个不确定度分量μA(x)、μ(m1)、μ(m2)、μ(m3)进行量化分析,最后在实验中得出所测定葵花籽水分含量为6.82g/100g时,其扩展不确定度为0.06g/100g(k=2),进而得到了影响合成不确定度最主要的因素为μA(x),进一步保证了检测结果的准确性和稳定性。     

补贴政策对农户油茶经营供给时间影响实证分析

基于福建省5个县市的216户油茶种植户的微观调查数据,采用截取回归模型定量分析油茶补贴政策对农户油茶经营供给时间的影响。研究结果表明:油茶补贴收入对户主油茶经营供给时间具有高度显著的正向影响,油茶补贴政策很大程度上调动了农户经营油茶产业的积极性;此外,家庭平均年收入、户主从事非农劳动时间、加入油茶专业经济合作组织、户主时间贴现率对农户油茶经营供给时间具有显著的负向影响;具有社会资本、户主懂得油茶经营管理技术则具有显著的正向影响。因此,提出加大不同形式补贴的力度、加大经营管理技术培训的力度、鼓励发展油茶专业合作社、加大技术研发力度的建议。     

良种基地的“公益林+”模式构建——以浙江姥山林木良种基地为例

传统意义上的林木良种基地所承担的功能是良种繁育和种质资源收集保存,是公益林的重要组成部分。林木良种的生态属性得以进一步发挥与延伸,需要走生态产业化的路子。建立与科普教育、林下经济、生态旅游以及公益性林木认养、文化研学相融合的"公益林+"创新模式,体现森林的综合价值,实现包括人与自然和谐相处在内的森林生态系统的良性循环。     

A Case of Mistaken Identity? Measuring Rates of Improved Seed Adoption in Tanzania Using DNA Fingerprinting

Studies of improved seed adoption in developing countries are almost always based on household surveys and are premised on the assumption that farmers can accurately self-report their use of improved seed varieties. However, recent studies suggest that farmers’ reports of seed varieties planted, or even whether the seed is local or improved, are sometimes inconsistent with the DNA fingerprinting results of those crops. We use household survey data from Tanzania to test the alignment between farmer-reported and DNA-identified maize seed types planted. In the sample, 70% of maize seed observations are correctly reported as local or improved, while 16% are type I errors (falsely reported as improved) and 14% are type II errors (falsely reported as local). Type I errors are more likely to have been sourced from other farmers, rather than formal channels. An analysis of input use, including seed, fertiliser, and labour allocations, reveals that farmers tend to treat improved maize differently, depending on whether they correctly perceive it as improved. This suggests that errors in farmers’ seed type awareness may translate into suboptimal management practices. The average yield of seed that is correctly identified as improved is almost 700 kg per hectare greater than that of type I errors. This indicates that investments in farmers’ access to information, seed labelling, and seed system oversight are needed to complement investments in seed variety development.     

超高静压在琥珀酸生产菌株选育中的应用

伴随着经济的发展,生活水平不断提高,人们对生产菌株的要求越来越高。为了满足市场的需求,以现代科技为出发点,利用超高静压技术,不仅提高了生产效率,还有效地保障了生产后菌株的质量,是现代菌株选育的最佳选择之一。笔者从琥珀酸的结构特征着手,对超高静压在琥珀酸生产菌株选育中的应用作了简要分析。     

Wild horse-based tourism as wildlife tourism: the wild horse as the other

Wild horses as the focus of tourism occupy a unique position. This is a consequence of their ambiguous status in the natural and cultural landscape, particularly in North America. Wild horses are ecological agents, cultural icons, economic factors and political pawns. The complexity of their management environment has an impact on the tourism and recreational context. Focusing on the western US and western Canada, this article explores a conceptual framework for wild horse-based tourism and highlights unique characteristics of the encounter between wild horses and visitors, drawing on literature and empirical data. It positions wild horse-based tourism within a framework of wildlife tourism and introduces the wild horse as a charismatic animal which elicits strong reactions from visitors who encounter it. While visitors tend to embrace the wild horse as an integral part of its habitat, as a symbol of the western frontier, and an embodiment of freedom, the animal remains an extremely polarising subject in the management debate of public lands in the USA and Canada. The wild horse's beleaguered status in both countries seriously interferes with the realisation of the true potential of wild horse-based tourism. On the other hand, wild horse supporters pin high hopes on this industry's transformative power.